Earthquake Engineering Analysis and Design

PDF document. 104 pages.

1.1    Earthquake Induced Vibrations. 4

1.1.1    Engineering Seismology. 4

1.1.1.1    Seismic Risk. 4

1.1.1.2    Physics of the Earth. 4

1.1.1.3    Plate Tectonics. 4

1.1.1.4    Global Seismicity. 4

1.1.1.5    Mechanism of Earthquakes: Elastic Rebound. 5

1.1.1.6    Fault Rupture Classification. 5

1.1.1.7    Seismic Waves. 6

1.1.1.8    Accelerographs and Seismographs. 6

1.1.1.9    Earthquake Location Parameters. 7

1.1.1.10    Estimation of Location of Focus or Epicentre. 7

1.1.1.11    Estimation of Focal Depth. 7

1.1.1.12    Estimation of Time of Earthquake Occurrence. 7

1.1.1.13    Earthquake Magnitude. 8

1.1.1.14    Evaluation of Regional Seismicity. 10

1.1.1.15    Intensity. 10

1.1.1.16    Characterisation of Strong Motion. 10

1.1.1.17    Attenuation Relationship. 11

1.1.1.18    Seismic Hazard Evaluation Procedure: Seismic Hazard Curves and Seismic Hazard Maps. 12

1.1.1.19    Seismic Hazard Evaluation Procedure: Design Response Spectra  13

1.1.2    Effect of Local Soil Conditions on the Seismic Hazard  15

1.1.2.1    Elastic Soil Properties. 15

1.1.2.2    Dynamic Response of Soil 16

1.1.2.3    Liquefaction. 17

1.1.2.4    Residual Strength of Liquefied Soils. 17

1.1.2.5    Assessment of Liquefaction Potential 18

1.1.2.6    Post-Seismic Failure due to Liquefaction. 19

1.1.2.7    Methods of Improving Liquefiable Soils. 20

1.1.2.8    Effect of Soil Layer on Ground Response. 20

1.1.2.9    Motion of Shear Waves in Elastic Media. 20

1.1.2.10    Impedance (or Radiation) Effect 21

1.1.2.11    Increase in Duration of Strong Motion. 22

1.1.2.12    Resonance Effect 23

1.1.2.13    Methods of Evaluating Layer Response. 24

1.1.2.14    Critical Acceleration. 25

1.1.2.15    Effect of Local Soil Conditions on Seismic Hazard Design Procedure Summary. 26

1.1.3    Conceptual Structural Design for RC Structures in Seismic Regions 36

1.1.3.1    Plan Layout 36

1.1.3.2    Elevation. 36

1.1.3.3    Beam and Column Axes. 36

1.1.3.4    Foundation Design. 37

1.1.3.5    Columns. 37

1.1.3.6    Member Capacity at Connections. 37

1.1.3.7    Floor Slabs. 37

1.1.3.8    Infill Panels. 37

1.1.3.9    Building Separation. 38

1.1.3.10    Architectural Elements. 38

1.1.3.11    General Robustness. 38

1.1.3.12    Detailing Requirements and Ductile Response. 38

1.1.3.13    Eurocode 8 Conceptual Design. 38

1.1.4    Methods of Structural Analysis. 41

1.1.5    GL, ML Shock and Response Spectrum Analysis. 42

1.1.5.1    Nature of the Dynamic Loading Function. 42

1.1.5.2    The Response Spectra. 42

1.1.5.3    GL, ML SDOF Response Spectrum Analysis – Equivalent Lateral Static Force Method. 59

1.1.5.4    GL, ML MDOF Response Spectrum Analysis – Multi-Modal Seismic Analysis. 64

1.1.5.5    Example Application EC8. 70

1.1.5.6    MSC.NASTRAN Decks. 79

1.1.6    Reinforced Concrete Design to EC8 for Earthquake Effects Based on Response Spectrum Analysis. 84

1.1.6.1    Concepts of Ductility. 84

1.1.6.2    Capacity Design for Optimum Location and Sequence of Attainment of Member Capacity. 85

1.1.6.3    Capacity Design for Favourable Mechanism of Deformation. 85

1.1.6.4    Introduction of Example Problem.. 86

1.1.6.5    Design Data. 86

1.1.6.6    Beam Design for Vertical Loading According to EC2. 86

1.1.6.7    Capacity Check for Seismic Loading of Beams. 92

1.1.6.8    Design of Transverse Reinforcement 93

1.1.6.9    Column Design. 94

1.1.6.10    Detailing of Beams. 101

1.1.7    Steel Design to EC8 for Earthquake Effects Based on Response Spectrum Analysis. 102

1.1.8    Performance Based Seismic Analysis and Design. 103

BIBLIOGRAPHY.. 104